S210 Second-Year Spanish Composition | F. Jehle |
Descuidos típicos...
Some pages you might consult to help avoid some common errors in your writing:
This page will list some typical descuidos --slips or acts of carelessness-- seen in some of the written work of students of the course S210. You are urged to study this examples to understand how to avoid such errors in your own written and oral Spanish in the future.
Para el 16 de enero: El presente
Me levanto, me ducho, me lavo el pelo [me must be repeated since each verb is used reflexively here]
Me lavo el pelo = I wash my hair [in these types of constructions when talking about parts of the body or articles of clothing, instead of the possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, etc.) we normally use the indirect object pronoun with the verb, and the definite article with the part of the body or article of clothing.]
Para el 21 de enero: Preguntas
Para el 23 de enero: El futuro
Para el 28 de enero: El imperfecto
Era fácil ver = it [impersonal, indefinite] was easy
to see.
era fácil de ver = it [something specific, e.g.,
the airplane in the sky] was easy to see.
Instead = en vez de [+ un complemento preposicional, por ejemplo: eso], o en lugar de [eso].
Lightning: un relámpago = a lightning bolt; un rayo = a lightning bolt; relampagueo = lightning. [iluminación = lighting, not lightning].
Se rompían = were breaking (= were getting
broken).
Eran rotas = were [being] broken [an action expressed
in the passive voice].
Estaban rotas = were broken [in a broken state].
Para el 30 de enero: El pretérito
Para el 4 de febrero: Los tiempos perfectos
Para el 8 de febrero: Los pronombres
Para el 13 de febrero: Los mandatos informales
Cien / ciento
Ciento before numbers smaller than itself: ciento uno, ciento veintidós, ciento noventa y nueve
Cien in other cases: cien, cien libros, cien mil, cien millones de habitantes
En la casa / a la casa
en un lugar = inside the place
a la casa = motion towards the place
Fijar / arreglar / preparar
Fijar = to hold fast (as with a nail); to fix (one's gaze, imagination), e.g., ¡Fijate! = Imagine (that)!
arreglar = to arrange, repair
preparar = to prepare (e.g., food)
Ortografía: ya no se emplean en el español estas combinaciones de letras: ss, ph, ff, tt
To lock = cerrar con llave
Para el 18 de febrero: El subjuntivo en cláusulas nominales
To return:
devolver = to return in the sense of to give back, hand back.
volver or regresar = to return in the sense of to go back.
Prohíbo (I prohibit), prohíbes, prohíbe, prohíben.
What:
¿Qué? when it is a question word, including direct questions: ¿Qué buscas? What are you looking for? Or, and indirect question: ¿Puedes decirme qué buscas? Can you tell me what you're looking for? [Occasionally, it can be ¿Cuál?: ¿Cuál es tu dirección? What is your address?]
Lo que is used in almost all other cases: ¿Puedo volver a lo que hacía? Can I go back to what I was doing?
To think about:
Pensar en = to think about someone or something [that is, to roll it over in your mind]: Está enamorado y sólo piensa en María. He's in love and only thinks about María.
Pensar de = to think about, have an opinion about someone or something: ¿Qué piensas de eso? What do you think about that?
Para el 25 de febrero: El subjuntivo en cláusulas adjetivales
¿Qué se puede mejorar en las oraciones que siguen? [NOTE THAT THERE ARE PROBLEMS IN ALL OF THEM!]
Nunca escuchas a mi. [You never listen to me.]
He estado cuidando de ti por varios años ahora. [I have been taking care of you for several years now.]
Hay nadie que ... [There is no one who ...]
Te pregunto traer a mi el periodico. [I ask you to bring me the newspaper.]
¿Hay una problema que causa esta conducta? [Is there a problem which is causing this conduct?]
Te preparo la comida mejor en el mundo. [I fix you the best food in the world.]
Te compraré algo que te guste. [I will buy you anything you like.]
Tu estás destruendo nos casa. [You are destroying our house.]
Te regalé un sueter bonito una semana pasado. [I gave you a pretty sweater a week ago.]
Para el 27 de febrero: More tenses of the Subjunctive
Please double space if you type/word process your compositions!
Some advice = algunos consejos; a piece of advice = un consejo.
Problemas típicos:
Una carta tan larga e interesante (such a long and interesting letter): y (and) => e delante de otra palabra que empieza con el sonido i.
A menos que el agua haya sido embotellada (unless the water has been bottled) : el agua ... embotellada. Agua is feminine (thus: embotellada). But when a word begins with a stressed a we use the article el instead of la.
No comas ninguna comida (don't eat any food); remember the use of the double negative.
Sincerely is seldom used to close an Hispanic letter. You might use Atentamente or something like Un abrazo de (then sign the letter).
Para el 4 de marzo: The condicional and if clauses
A joke: [contar] un chiste ([to tell] a funny story, that is, something said or written) vs. [hacer] una broma ([to play/pull] a practical joke, that is, a funny situation).
A piece of news, or a news item = una notica; las noticias = the news (normally more than one item).
With itself [or: with himself, with herself, with themselves, with yourself (Ud./Uds.)] = consigo.
To correspond with someone = corresponderse con alguien. [To communicate with someone = comunicarse con alguien. Also note the abbreviations such as algn. used for constructions like this, found in many dictionaries: tomarle el pelo a algn. = to pull s.o.'s leg].
I don't want to hear any advice = No quiero oír ningún consejo.
Some friends of mine = algunos amigos míos, o: algunos de mis amigos.
Double-hit list. There will be extra penalties for repeating some errors which you should have eliminated by now; these items are indicated below in green.
Another book = otro libro [no:
un otro libro].
All of the books = Todos los
libros [no: todos de los libros].
A million dollars = un millón de dólares.
A thousand dollars = mil dólares
[no: un mil dólares]
That much [or: so much] money would bring too many problems = Tanto dinero traería demasiados problemas.
I have been corresponding with them for six months [and am still doing so] = Me correspondo con ellos desde hace seis meses. [o: Hace seis meses que me correspondo con ellos. / Llevo seis meses correspondiéndome con ellos.].
To realize: Misusing realizar (to accomplish) instead of darse cuenta de.
Clobbering preterit forms of the common strong-stem verbs: decir, estar, poder, poner, querer, saber, tener, traer, and venir [this includes the use of incorrect accent marks on those forms].
[Lo más
reciente:]
Para el 25 de marzo: The passive voice (and how to avoid it)
Corte:
EL corte = the cut (of a suit, for example).
LA corte = the court (for example, that which surrounds a king or queen).
To promote:
Ascender = to promote in rank.
Promover = to promote in the sense of encourage, support [although sometimes is used as a synomym of ascender].
EL drama [una palabra masculina].
Upon returning = al volver o al regresar [that is, al + infinitivo = upon + -ing form of a verb].
At the beginning/middle/end of a period of time:
a principios del año = at the beginning of the year.
a mediados del siglo = in the middle of the century.
a fines del mes = at the end of the month.
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Contact: Fred F. Jehle | ||
Indiana University - Purdue University Ft. Wayne | Última redacción: 11 enero 20012 |
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Fort Wayne, IN 46805-1499 USA | URL: http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/slipss03.htm |