Across
1. The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
3. The research method that involves asking many people the same questions, whether by written
questionnaire or by verbal interview
5. The type of perceptual development studied in the experiment presented in the film
8. "____ by themselves do not constitute answers."
12. Psychology is a science because of the type of _____ that is employed to gather information
13. The tool used in research consisting of a series of questions asked of research participants, to
which they mark their own responses
15. The set of assumptions, principles, and evidence used to understand and interpret information
and new research findings
17. The word that should be banished from your scientific vocabulary, because it is never possible
to completely rule out alternative explanations of new research findings
18. To conduct high quality research, it is important to engage in this activity before actually
conducting the research (in order to make sure you will adequately control for alternative explanations)
20. The independent variable in the Schachter study on affiliation presented in the film
22. The process of conducting the same study again to confirm the earlier findings
24. The type of research participant employed in the study of perceptual development in the film
26. The last name of your PSY 120 instructor
27. When the term "behavior" is used in psychology, what is typically meant is ____ behavior
28. The observational research technique in which a small number of individuals are studied in
depth, often over long periods of time (____ history)
29. The abbreviation for the university you are currently attending
31. The general name for the type of phenomenon studied in psychology (human or animal _____)
33. The Austrian medical doctor who advanced one of the first formal theories of personality
37. The disordered condition proposed in psychoanalytic theory involving extreme emotionality,
anxiety, nervousness, and worry
40. The more recent radical behavioral theorist who advocated Watson's extreme view that only
observable behavior and stimuli in the environment are the legitimate topics of psychology
41. The aspect of the "ABC's of psychology" related to emotions and feelings
42. An area of psychology that examines behavior related to work settings; _____/organizational
psychology
43. The short name for the physical setting where many psychologists conduct research, in order to
assure extreme control over the environment
44. The place that behaviorists look to in order to identify the causes of behavior; the "nurture" side
of the nature/nurture debate
45. When is a theory proven?
47. One of the earliest radical behavioral theorists, who argued that learning is the major factor
determining one's behavioral tendencies
50. The French philosopher who argued for the existence of a mind, as well as pointing to the body
as a cause of behavior; he proposed that we are born with certain tendencies
52. The English philosopher who argued that we obtain knowledge about the world only through
experience with it; we are not born with any pre-established tendencies
54. Along with the English philosopher in #52, Watson argued that we should treat the mind as
_____
56. The general theoretical perspective that behavioral tendencies are acquired gradually through
experience
57. One of the primary methods employed by early philosophers to understand the world and
human behavior
59. The distinction made by philosophers advocating interactive dualism (the line in one of the
boxes is a hyphen separating two words)
60. The first psychology laboratory was established in eighteen _____-nine (18_9)
62. The German psychologist credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory
64. The aspect of humans examined by phrenologists
67. A type of psychology focusing on the process of perception and how we select and organize
information from the outside world
68. The type of information or evidence often appealed to by early philosophers
70. One of the most prominent phrenologists, who examined the characteristic of combativeness
(Note: This is not covered in the Theories document. The correct answer is Gall.)
71. The early Greek physician who revived temperament theory as an explanation of human
behavior
72. The field of biology that focuses on the processes through which biological and psychological
characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next
.
Down
2. An organized body of knowledge gained through application of scientific methods
3. The word for a general procedure for collecting information about behavior systematically; in
psychology, specific examples include the survey, questionnaire, and experiment
4. A specific type of research method for collecting information about behavior, involving
manipulation and control of extraneous variables
6. The dependent variable in the Schachter study presented in the film
7. The process of eliminating all factors other than the one of interest in a research project, as well
as varying exposure to the causal factor of interest for different participants (e.g., _____ group)
9. That which researchers attempt to eliminate related to their study because it undermines the
hypothesis for their study; the reason that scientists must always remain skeptical of findings that support their hypotheses (two words)
10. The variable in an experiment that is manipulated; the factor hypothesized to be the cause of
subsequent behavior in the experiment
11. The variable in an experiment that is hypothesized to be affected by what the researcher does
to the research participants
14. A research method that involves carefully watching behaviors as they occur, without any
involvement from the researcher
16. Varying exposure to the hypothesized cause of behavior in an experiment for different groups
of research participants; the strongest form of control in research
19. The science of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease and other damage to the body or
mind
21. The type of technique involving assignment of research participants to different experimental
groups using chance (e.g., _____ assignment of participants)
23. Compared to other sciences, psychology is relatively young or ___
25. What you must do to do well in this course; the term, þcognition,þ refers to the process of
_____ing
30. The aspect of the "ABC's of psychology" related to thinking and problem-solving
32. "Affect," "Behavior," and "Cognition" are called the ___'s, or the subject matter, of psychology
34. The theoretical position that humans are born with specific, innate abilities that account for
behavior
35. The type of mental process proposed by Freud in which motivated goals are always the cause
of behavior; being unaware of the reasons for our behavior
36. One of the most important sets of tools that students must use regularly to understand
information and prepare for examinations
38. The theoretical position that overt behavior is the only legitimate topic of inquiry for the science
of psychology, and that environmental factors are the major causes of behavior
39. The type of process that is covert or unobservable, that takes place entirely internally to the
individual
46. The discipline of inquiry into the nature of the universe, based on logical reasoning rather than
empirical methods
48. The philosophical position that we are born with few, if any, important behavioral tendencies;
we obtain information about the world entirely through experience with it; the "blank slate" viewpoint
49. The process of gradually acquiring information about the world and behavioral tendencies by
exposure to stimuli in the environment
51. The philosophical position that it is possible to discover the laws that govern the mind because
the mind and body interact and influence one another
53. The group of philosophers and theorists who argued that contact and experience with the
environment is the primary factor influencing behavior; those who advocated the "blank slate" position
55. A technique employed by early philosophers and psychologists to examine mental processes, in
which a trained research participant examines their own thoughts and feelings
58. Philosophers are interested in knowledge about the world and human behavior in _____, not
only disordered or abnormal behavior.
61. The theory in which the causes of behavior are four types of body fluids, representing a faculty
perspective; _____ theory.
63. The university at which the first psychology laboratory was established
65. The scientific study of living organisms and life processes, especially their physical structure and
physiological processes
66. The study of the shape of the skull and its relationship to personality characteristics and mental
capacity
69. The area of psychology focusing on diagnosing and treating psychological disorders