Department of Biology, Indiana
University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN 46805 46805
email cooperw@ipfw.edu
phone
(260)-481-6311
fax
(260)-481-6087
I study ecological and evolutionary aspects
of the behavior of lizards in lab and field, including antipredatory behavior,
foraging, use of the chemical senses to identify food, predators, and other
lizards, and social behavior. My main interests are behavioral
adaptations, which I study by evolutionary comparisons among species and by
cost-benefit approaches within species. I do laboratory experiments at
the university, but most enjoy both experimental and observational field
work.
Publications and presentations
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$ Behavioral
ecology
$ Evolution of
behavior
$ Integrative
biology of squamate reptiles
Research Statement
I have been fascinated by the behavior and
ecology of lizards and snakes for over 30 years, and have increasingly
become interested in the evolution of adaptive behaviors.
I began doing research primarily on social
communication by visual behavioral displays in the 1970s, and have continued
some work on sexual selection and social behavior ever since. Beginning in the
early 1980s became very interested in the use of tongue-flicking and the
associated sense, vomerolfaction, to find food, detect predators, and to detect
pheromones. I have been doing extensive comparative studies of chemosensory
abilities, their evolution, and their relationships to foraging behavior and
other aspects of lizard natural history. In the 1980s I also began to do
research on various aspects of antipredatory behavior, such as optimal escape
behavior, escape by shedding the tail, and pursuit deterrence. My newest
interest is in the ecological correlates and evolution of foraging behavior in
lizards. Since the late 1970s, I have studied many aspects of the ecology and
behavior of the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, to attempt
to understand its autecology. I have also conducted lots of side projects. One
of the nice things about doing research, whether in the field or in the laboratory,
is that you are always discovering something new that needs to be described and
explained.
Understanding ecological and behavioral
aspects of lizards has led me to do research to document undescribed aspects of
lizard behavior and ecology and to attempt to understand them from diverse
viewpoints including physiology, morphology, ontogeny, evolution and evolution.
The work has led me to studies at biotic levels of organization from the organ,
organ system, organismic, population, and community levels of organization. The
focus remains on behavior and autecology. I do lots of work in both field and
laboratory. The research is a mixture of laboratory and field experiments,
field observations, and a little mathematical modeling.
Researching various aspects of lizard
behavior, ecology, and their evolution has been rewarding in many ways. It
provides endless opportunities to satisfy intellectual curiosity while getting
paid. It allows me to contribute to our collective knowledge. It is also lots
of fun. I sometimes get to work in beautiful natural settings, travel to
interesting places, and meet and work with interesting people. In the
past seven years I have done field work in deserts and mountains and and on
islands and beaches. These have been in the southeastern and southwestern
USA, in Spain, including the Canary Islands and Menorca as well as the Iberian
Peninsula, in Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Bonaire Island in the Netherlands Antilles
off the coast of Venezuela, Costa Rica, and southern Africa three times.
I have also conducted research in numerous zoos, which are excellent places to
study many species that are otherwise unavailable.
The endangered
giant lizard of El Hierro, Gallotia simonyi, and its arid cliff and
slope habitats in the volcanic Canary Islands
Research Areas:
1) Adaptive chemosensory behavior, its ecological and evolutionary
relationships, and the evolution of associated chemosensory systems.
I study correlated evolution in squamate
reptiles of use of chemical cues to detect predators, prey and pheromones with
foraging modes, diet, and morphology of chemosensory systems. This work entails
laboratory experiments, reconstruction of the evolutionary history of
behavioral and morphological traits, and study of correlated evolution between
traits using modern statistical methods that account for phylogenetic
relationships among species.
Test for responses to
chemical cues on a cotton swab
2) Ecological and evolutionary aspects of antipredatory behavior.
I use an optimality approach to study costs
and benefits of escape behavior, pursuit deterrence, and effectiveness of
voluntary autotomy of the tail by lizards. This research consists largely of
laboratory and field experiments and observations, and includes some
mathematical modeling.
Defensive hooding by a
cape cobra, Naja nivea
3) Foraging behavior.
I am studying the evolution of foraging
behavior in lizards and its relationships to various aspects of life history;
the conceptual utility of discrete, continuous and saltatory definitions of
foraging modes; and relationships among variables used to measure foraging
activity. I am also studying prey selection by lizards. The work combines field
observations, laboratory experiments, and modeling.
|
|
Left: Pordacis
ilfordi foraging on a composite
flower on Aire Island off the coast of Menorca Right: P.
lilfordi competing for a pear |
|
4) Behavior and ecology of the broad-headed skink.
This project is a study of the natural
history of the species. It includes studies of sexual behavior, aggression,
prey chemical discrimination, chemosensory detection of predators, pheromonal
communication, diet, diet selection, foraging mode, diel and seasonal activity,
growth, reproduction, habitat selection, and several aspects of antipredatory
behavior.
|
|
Broad-headed skinks
Eumeces laticeps
female left
male right |
|
5) Social behavior of lizards.
The emphasis of these studies is on use of
chromatic, behavioral, and pheromonal signals for intraspecific communication,
especially colors and behaviors used to signal courtship rejection by females,
and the hormonal basis of such color changes and behavioral
displays. I am currently conducting field studies to examine
relationships between social behavior and antipredatory behavior. I have
also studied mate choice and mate guarding in lizards.
Courtship rejection
by a female Holbrookia propinqua
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REFEREED
In press:
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Wilson, D. S. In press. Thermal cost of refuge use affects refuge entry and hiding time by striped plateau lizards Sceloporus virgatus. Herpetologica.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caldwell, J. P., and Vitt, L. J. In press. Conspicuousness and vestigial escape behaviour by two dendrobatid frogs, Dendrobates auratus and Oophaga pumilio. Behaviour.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Wilson, D. S., and Smith, G. R. In press. Sex, reproductive status, and cost of tail autotomy via decreased running speed in lizards. Ethology.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. In press. Tandem evolution of dietary specialization and chemosensory responses in snakes. Amphibia-Reptilia.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Bradley, K. In press. Prey chemical discrimination by a diploglossine lizard, the giant Hispaniolan galliwap (Celestus warreni). Amphibia-Reptilia.
Cooper, W. E. Jr. In press. Visual monitoring of predators: occurrence and cost and benefit for escape. Animal Behaviour.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Wilson, D. S. In press. How to stay alive after losing your tail. Behaviour.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Attum, O., and Kingsbury, B. In press. Escape behaviors and flight initiation distance in the Common Water Snake Nerodia sipedon. Journal of Herpetology.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caldwell, J. P., and Vitt, L. J. In press. Effective crypsis and its maintenance by immobility in Craugastor frogs. Copeia.
Published:
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2008. Strong effect of starting distance on flight initiation distance in the
actively foraging lizard Aspidoscelis exsanguis: artifact of short starting distance and spontaneous movement. Herpetologica 64:200-206.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caldwell, J. P., and Vitt, L. J. 2008. Escape responses of cryptic frogs to simulated terrestrial and aerial predators. Behaviour 145:25-38.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Secor, S. 2007. Strong response to anuran chemical cues by an extreme dietary specialist, the hognose snake Heterodon platyirhinos. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85:619-625.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Wilson, D. S. 2007. Sex and social costs of escaping in the striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus. Behavioral Ecology 18:764-768.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Wilson, D. S. 2007. Beyond optimal escape theory: microhabitats as well as predation risk affect escape and refuge use by the phrynosomatid lizard Sceloporus virgatus. Behaviour 1235-1254.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Frederick, W. G. 2007. Optimal time to emerge from refuge. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 91:375-382.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Whiting, M. J. 2007. Universal optimization of flight initiation distance and habitat-driven interspecific variation in escape tactics in a Namibian lizard assemblage. Ethology 113:661-672.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2007. Lizard chemical senses, chemosensory behavior, and foraging mode. Pp. 237-270. In: Lizard Foraging Behavior. Reilly, S., McBrayer, L., and Miles, D. (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2007. Elevated tongue-flicking rate to cricket surface chemicals by the arthropodivorous rough green snake Opheodrys aestivus. Amphibia-Reptilia 28:413-417.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Whiting, M. J. 2007. Effects of risk on flight initiation distance and escape tactics in two southern African lizards. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53:446-453.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Frederick, W. G. 2007. Optimal flight initiation distance. Journal of Theoretical Biology 244:59-67.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Anderson, R. A., and Frederick, W. G. 2007. Prey size selection under simultaneous choice and prey size selection by broad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps). Ethology 113:417-425.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2007. Compensatory escape and refuge use following tail loss and altered assessment of risk after being captured in the lizard Sceloporus virgatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85:99-108.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2007. Foraging modes as suites of coadapted suites of movement traits. Journal of Zoology 272:45-56.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2007. Escape and its relationship to pursuit-deterrent signaling in the Cuban curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus carinatus. Herpetologica 63: 144-150.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2007. Predator number, speeds, and approach paths affect direction and flight initiation distance. Journal of Herpetology 41:197-204.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., and Hawlena, D. 2006. Magnitude of food reward affects escape behavior and acceptable risk in Balearic lizards, Podarcis lilfordi. Behavioral Ecology 17:554-559.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2006. Risk factors and escape strategy in the grasshopper Dissosteira carolina. Behaviour 143: 1201-1218.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2006. Dynamic risk assessment: Prey rapidly adjust flight initiation distances to changes in predator approach speed. Ethology 112:858-864.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2006. Risk factors affecting escape behavior in Puerto Rican Anolis lizards. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84:495-504.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Anderson, R. A. 2006. Adjusting prey handling times and methods affects profitability in the broad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps). Herpetologica 62:356-365.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., G. Casta eda, and C. García de la Pe a. 2006. Phylogenetic constraints do not block food chemical discrimination in the omnivorous phrynosomatid lizard Uma exsul. Journal of Herpetology 40:329-335.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2005. The foraging mode controversy and foraging space. Journal of Zoology 267: 179-190.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2005. When and how does starting distance affect flight initiation distance? Canadian Journal of Zoology 83:1045-1050.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2005. Ecomorphological variation in foraging behavior in Puerto Rican Anolis lizards. Journal of Zoology 265:133-139.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2005. Duration of movement as a lizard foraging movement variable. Herpetologica 61:363-372.
Vitt, L. J., Caldwell, J.P., Sartorius, S. S., Cooper, W. E., Jr., Baird, T. A., Baird, T. D., and Pérez-Mellado, V. 2005. Pushing the edge: extended activity as an alternative to risky body temperatures in an herbivorous teiid lizard (Cnemidophorus murinus: Squamata). Functional Ecology 19:152-158.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2005. Lizard foraging modes: global need for data, methods for data collection, and call for data. Herpetological Review 36:367-369.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Vitt, L. J., Caldwell, J. P., and Fox, S. F. 2005. Relationships among foraging variables, phylogeny, and foraging modes, with new data for nine North American lizard species. Herpetologica 61:250-259.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Al-Johany, A. M. 2005. Antipredatory threat displays and aggressive defenses by the acrodont lizard Uromastyx aegyptius when cornered and in crevices. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12:69-73.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., Baird, T. A., Caldwell, J. P., and Vitt, L. J. 2004. Pursuit deterrent signalling by the Bonaire whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus murinus. Behaviour 141:297-311.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., and Vitt, L. J. 2004. Ease and effectiveness of costly autotomy vary with predation intensity among lizard populations. Journal of Zoology 262:243-256.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Pérez-Mellado, V. 2004. Tradeoffs between escape behavior and foraging opportunity by the Balearic lizard (Podarcis lilfordi). Herpetologica 60:321-324.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. (2004). Adaptive chemosensory behavior by lacertid lizards. In: The biology of lacertid lizards. Evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Pérez-Mellado, V., Riera, N. & Perera, A. (eds.). Institut Menorqui d'Estudis. Recerca, 8: 83-118.
Baird, T. A., Baird, T. D., Vitt, L. J., Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caldwell, J. P., and Pérez-Mellado, V. 2003 (2004). Social behavior and sexual dimorphism in the Bonaire Whiptail, Cnemidophorus murinus: the role of sexual selection. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:1781-1790.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Shifted balance of risk and cost after autotomy affects use of cover, escape, activity, and foraging in the keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 54:179-187.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Correlated evolution of herbivory and food chemical discrimination in iguanian and ambush foraging lizards. Behavioral Ecology 14:409-416.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., Baird, T., Baird, T. A., Caldwell, J. P., and Vitt, L. J. 2003. Effects of risk, cost, and their interaction on optimal escape by nonrefuging Bonaire whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus murinus. Behavioral Ecology 14:288-293.
Vitt, L. J., Pianka, E. R., Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Schwenk, K. 2003. History and the global ecology of squamate reptiles. American Naturalist 162:44-60.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Social behavior and antipredatory defense in lizards. Pp. 107-141. In: Lizard Social Behavior. Fox, S. F. and Baird, T., eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Martín, J., López, P., and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 2003. When to come out from a refuge: balancing predation risk and foraging opportunities in an alpine lizard. Ethology 109:77-87.
Martín, J., López, P., and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 2003. Loss of mating opportunities influences refuge use in the Iberian rock lizard, Lacerta monticola. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 54:505-510.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Effect of risk on aspects of escape behavior by a lizard, Holbrookia propinqua, in relation to optimal escape theory. Ethology 109:617-626.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., Vitt, L. J., and Budzynski, B. 2003. Cologne as a pungency control in tests of lizard chemical discriminations. Journal of Ethology 21:101-106.
Whiting, M. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Tasty figs and tasteless flies: food chemical discrimination in the cordylid lizard Platysaurus broadleyi. Acta Ethologica 6:13-17.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Risk factors affecting escape behavior by the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis: speed and directness of predator approach, degree of cover, direction of turning by a predator, and temperature. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:979-984.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Whiting, M. J. 2003. Prey chemicals do not affect giving-up-time at ambush posts by the cordylid lizard Platysaurus broadleyi. Herpetologica 59:457-460.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Sexual Dimorphism in Antipredatory Behavior by Holbrookia propinqua. Journal of Herpetology 37:374-378.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Arnett, J. 2003. Correspondence between diet and chemosensory responsiveness in helodermatid lizards. Amphibia-Reptilia 24:86-91.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Pérez-Mellado, V. 2003. Kleptoparasitism in the Balearic lizard, Podarcis lilfordi. Amphibia-Reptilia 24:219-224.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Martin, J., and Lopez, P. 2003. Simultaneous risks and differences among individual predators affect refuge use by a lizard, Lacerta monticola. Behaviour 140:27-41.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Foraging mode and evolution of strike-induced chemosensory searching in squamate reptiles. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 29:995-1008.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Prey Chemicals do not Affect Perch Choice by an Ambushing Lizard, Sceloporus malachiticus. Journal of Herpetology 37:425-427.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2003. Food Chemical Discrimination by the Omnivorous Lizard Leiolepis belliana. Journal of Herpetology 37:189-190.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and A. M. Al-Johany. 2002. Chemosensory responses to foods by an herbivorous agamine lizard, Uromastyx aegyptius, derived from ambushing ancestral ancestors. Journal of Ethology 20:95-100.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2002. Convergent evolution of plant chemical discrimination by omnivorous and herbivorous scleroglossan lizards. Journal of Zoology 257:353-366.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 2002. Distribution, extent, and evolution of plant consumption by lizards. Journal of Zoology 57:487-517.
Cooper, W. E., Pérez-Mellado, V., Vitt, L. J., and Budzynski, B. 2002. Behavioral responses to plant toxins by the omnivorous Balearic lizard, Podarcis lilfordi. Physiology and Behavior 76:297-303.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caldwell, J. P., Vitt, L. J., Pérez-Mellado, V., and Baird, T. A. 2002. Food chemical discriminations and correlated evolution between plant diet and plant chemical discrimination in lacertiform lizards. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80:655-633.
Vitt, L. J., Cooper, W. E., Jr.,Perera, A. P., and Pérez-Mellado, V. 2002. Escaping from predators on vertical surfaces: Lacerta perspicillata in Roman quarries of Lítaca. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80:1803-1809.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Pérez-Mellado, V. 2002. Pheromonal Discriminations of Sex, Reproductive Condition, and Species by the Lacertid Lizard Podarcis hispanica. Journal of Experimental Zoology 292:523-527.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., and Vitt, L. J. 2002. Responses to major categories of food chemicals by the lizard Podarcis lilfordi. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28:689-700.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L.J. 2002. Optimal escape and emergence theories: assumptions and their effects on predictions. Comments on Theoretical Biology 7:283-294.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and V. Pérez-Mellado. 2002. Responses by a generalist predator, the Balearic lizard Podarcis lilfordi to chemical cues from taxonomically diverse prey. Acta Ethologica 4:119-124.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Vitt. 2002. Increased predation risk while mate-guarding as a cost of reproduction for male broad headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps). Acta Ethologica 5:19-23.
Cooper, W. E., Jr, V. Pérez-Mellado. 2002. Responses to food chemicals by two insectivorous and one omnivorous species of lacertid lizards. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 52:11-28.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V, and Sillero, N. 2002. Responses to food chemicals by the insectivorous lacertid lizard Podarcis muralis. Amphibia-Reptilia 23:238-245.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Pérez-Mellado, V., and Vitt, L. J. 2002. Lingual and biting responses to selected lipids by the lizard Podarcis lilfordi. Physiology and Behavior 75:237-241.
López, P., Martín, J., and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 2002. Chemosensory responses to plant chemicals by the amphisbaenian Blanus cinereus. Amphibia-Reptilia 23:348-353.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2002. Prey chemical discrimination in the lizard Eugongylus albofasciolatus and its distribution in Scincidae. Russian Journal of Herpetology 9:237-242.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2001. Multiple roles of tail display by the curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus carinatus: pursuit deterrent and deflective roles of a social signal. Ethology 107:1137-1149.
Cooper, W. E., Jr, and V. Pérez-Mellado. 2001. Chemosensory responses to sugar and fat by the omnivorous lizard Gallotia caesaris, with behavioral evidence suggesting a role for gustation. Physiology & Behavior 73:509-516.
Cooper, W. E., Jr, and V. Pérez-Mellado. 2001. Location of fruit using only airborne odor cues by a lizard. Physiology and Behavior 74:339-342.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Lemos Espinal, J. A. 2001. Coordinated ontogeny of food preference and responses to chemical food stimuli by a lizard, Ctenosaura pectinata. Ethology 107:639-653.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Habegger, J. J. 2001. Responses by juvenile savannah monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) to chemical cues from animal prey, plants palatable to herbivores, and conspecifics. Journal of Herpetology 35:618-624.
Cooper, W. E., Jr, V. Pérez-Mellado. 2001. Omnivorous lacertid lizards of the genus Gallotia from El Hierro, Canary Islands can identify prey and plant food using only chemical cues. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:1-7.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and M. Flowers. 2001. Plant chemical discriminations by an herbivorous iguanid lizard, Sauromalus ater. Amphibia-Reptilia 22:69-80.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., J. J. Habegger, and R. E. Espinoza. 2001. Responses to prey and plant chemicals by three iguanian lizards: relationship to plants in the diet and foraging mode. Amphibia-Reptilia 22:349-361.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and V. Pérez-Mellado. 2001. Food chemical cues elicit general and population-specific effects on lingual and biting behaviors in the lacertid lizard Podarcis lilfordi. Journal of Experimental Zoology 290:207-217.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., L. J. Vitt, J. P. Caldwell, and S. F. Fox. 2001. Foraging modes of some American lizards: relationships among measurement variables and discreteness of modes. Herpetologica 57:65-76.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. and J. J. Habegger. 2001. Lingually mediated discrimination of prey, but not plant chemicals, by the Central American anguid lizard, Mesaspis moreletii. Amphibia-Reptilia 22:81-90.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. J. Habegger. 2001. Prey, but not plant, chemical discrimination by the lizard Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus. African Zoology 36:55-62.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. Arnett. 2001. Absence of discriminatory tongue-flicking responses to plant chemicals by helodermatid lizards. Southwestern Naturalist 46:405-409.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., G. W. Ferguson, and J. J. Habegger. 2001. Responses to animal and plant chemicals by several iguanian insectivores and the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus. Journal of Herpetology 35:255-263.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Effect of temperature on escape behavior by an ectothermic vertebrate, the keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua). Behaviour 137:1299-1315.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Tradeoffs between feeding and predation risk in a lizard, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). Behaviour 137:1175-1189.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Adaptive difference in the relationship between foraging mode and response to prey chemicals by two congeneric scincid lizards. Ethology 106:193-206.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., M. A. Paulissen, and J. J. Habegger. 2000. Discrimination of prey, but not plant, chemicals by actively foraging, insectivorous lizards, the lacertid Takydromus sexlineatus and the teiid Cnemidophorus gularis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26:1623-1634.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and M. J. Whiting. 2000. Islands in a sea of sand: use of Acacia trees by tree skinks in the Kalahari desert. Journal of Arid Environments 44:373-381.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Al-Johany, A. M., Vitt, L. J., and Habegger, J. J. 2000. Responses to Chemical Cues from Animal and Plant Foods by Actively Foraging Insectivorous and Omnivorous Scincine Lizards. J. Exp. Zool. 287:327-339.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Food chemical discriminations by an herbivorous lizard, Corucia zebrata. J. Exp. Zool. 286:372-378.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. J. Habegger. 2000. Elevated tongue-flick and biting by the insectivorous lygosomine skink Mabuya macularia to prey, but not plant, chemicals. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 12:175-186.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Correspondence between diet and food chemical discriminations by omnivorous geckos (Rhacodactylus). Journal of Chemical Ecology 26:755-763.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Chemosensory discrimination of plant and animal foods by the omnivorous iguanian lizard, Pogona vitticeps. Can. J. Zool. 78:1375.1379.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Food chemical discriminations by the omnivorous scincid lizards Tiliqua scincoides and Tiliqua rugosa. Herpetologica 56:480-488.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Responses to chemical cues from plant and animal food by an omnivorous lizard, Gerrhosaurus validus. J. Herpetology 34:614-617.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. J. Habegger. 2000. Lingual and biting responses to food chemicals by some eublepharid and gekkonid geckos. J. Herpetology 34:360-368.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and R. Hartdegen. 2000. Lingual and biting responses to prey chemicals by ingestively naive lizards: discrimination from control chemicals, time course, and effect of method of presentation. Chemoecology 10:51-58.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Burghardt, G. M., and Brown, W. 2000. Behavioural responses by naive hatchling Coluber constrictor from two geographically and dietarily distinct populations to chemical stimuli from potential prey and predators. Amphibia-Reptilia 21:103-115.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Pursuit deterrence in lizards. Saudi J. Biol Sci. 7:15-29.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 2000. Prey Chemical Discrimination by the Xantusiid Lizard Lepidophyma flavimaculatum. J. Herpetology 34:323-325.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., J. H. Van Wyk, P. le F. N. Mouton, A. M. Al-Johany, J. A. Lemos-Espinal, M. A. Paulissen, and M. Flowers. 2000. Lizard antipredatory behaviors preventing extraction from crevices. Herpetologica 56:394-401.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and M. J. Whiting. 2000. Ambush and active foraging modes both occur in the scincid genus Mabuya. Copeia 2000:112-118.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1999. Prey chemical discrimination in ambush foragers: absence in representatives of two additional iguanian lizard families and probable olfactory mediation in a gekkonine gecko. Chemoecology 9:155-159.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1999. Tradeoffs between courtship, fighting and antipredatory behavior by a lizard, Eumeces laticeps. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 47:54-59.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., M. J. Whiting, J. H. van Wyk, and P. le F. N. Mouton. 1999. Movement- and attack-based indices of foraging mode and ambush foraging in some gekkonid and agamine lizards from southern Africa. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:391-399.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., J. H. van Wyk, and P. le F. Mouton. 1999. Incompletely protective refuges: selection and associated defenses by a lizard, Cordylus cordylus. Ethology 105:687-700.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1999. Supplementation of phylogenetically correct data by two-species comparison: Support for correlated evolution of foraging mode and prey chemical discrimination in lizards extended by first intrageneric evidence. Oikos 87:97-104.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1999. Escape behavior of prey blocked from entering the primary refuge. Can. J. Zool. 77:671-674.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., J. H. van Wyk, and P. le F. Mouton. 1999. Discriminations between pheromones produced by self and other individuals of the same sex in the lizard Cordylus cordylus. J. hem. Ecol. 25:197-208.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Hartdegen, R. 1999. Discriminative response to animal, but not plant, chemicals by an insectivorous, actively foraging lizard Scincella lateralis and differential response to surface and internal prey cues. J. Chem. Ecol. 25:1531-1541.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Steele. 1999. Lingually mediated discriminations among prey chemicals and control stimuli in cordyliform lizards: presence in a gerrhosaurid and absence in two cordylids. Herpetologica 55:361-368.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and M. J. Whiting. 1999. Foraging modes in lacertid lizards from southern Africa. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:209-311.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Reactive and anticipatory display to deflect predatory attack to an autotomous tail. Can. J. Zool. 76:1507-1510.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Conditions favoring reactive and anticipatory antipredatory display. Behavioral Ecology 9:598-604.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Risk factors and emergence from refuge in the lizard Eumeces laticeps. Behaviour 135:1065-1076.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Predator turn direction, a neglected cue to predation risk. Behaviour 135:55-64.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Prey chemical discrimination indicated by tongue-flicking in the eublepharid gecko Coleonyx variegatus. J. Exp. Zool. 281:21-25.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Evaluation of swab and related tests for responses by squamates to chemical stimuli. J. Chemical Ecology 24:841-866.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Lemos-Espinal, J. A., and Smith, G. R. 1998. Presence and effect of defensiveness or context on detectability of prey chemical discrimination in the lizard Xenosaurus platyceps. Herpetologica 54:409-413.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1998. Effects of refuge and conspicuousness on escape behavior by the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). Amphibia-Reptilia 19:103-108.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1997. Correlated evolution of prey chemical discrimination with foraging, lingual morphology, and vomeronasal chemoreceptor abundance in lizards. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 41:257-265.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1997. Independent evolution of squamate olfaction and vomerolfaction and vomerolfactory evolution correlated with lingual structure. Amphibia-Reptilia 18:83-105.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., M. J. Whiting, and J. H. Van Wyk. 1997. Foraging modes of cordyliform lizards. South African J. Zool. 32:9-13.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Steele. 1997. Pheromonal discrimination of sex by male and female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius). J. Chemical Ecology 23:2967-2977.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1997. Escape by a refuging prey, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). Can. J. Zool. 75:943-947.
Steele, L. J., and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 1997. Pheromonal discrimination between conspecific individuals by male and female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius). Herpetologica 53:4476-485.
López, P., A. Salvador, and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 1997. Discrimination of self from other males by chemosensory cues in the amphisbaenian Blanus cinereus. J. Comp. Psychol. 111:105-109.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1997. Factors affecting risk and cost of escape by the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): predator speed, directness of approach, and female presence. Herpetologica 53:464-474.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1997. Threat factors affecting antipredatory behavior in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): Repeated approach, change in predator path, and eye contact. Copeia 1997:613-619.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Vitt. 1997. Maximizing male reproductive success in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps) by mate-guarding, size-assortative pairing, and opportunistic extra-pair mating. Amphibia-Reptilia 18:59-73.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., C. S. DePerno, and L. J. Steele. 1997. Effects of movement and eating on chemosensory tongue-flicking and on labial-licking in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Chemoecology 7:179-183,
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1996. Preliminary reconstructions of chemosensory evolution in Squamata. Amphibia-Reptilia 17:395-415.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1996. Variation, function, and evolution of forked tongues. Herpetological Natural History 4:1-15.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1996. Chemosensory recognition of familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics by the scincid lizard Eumeces laticeps. Ethology 102:454-464.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., J. H. Van Wyk, and P. Le F. Mouton. 1996. Pheromonal detection and sex discrimination of conspecific substrate deposits by the rock-dwelling lizard Cordylus cordylus. Copeia 1996:839-845.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., DePerno, C. S, and Fox, S. F. 1996. Prey chemical discrimination and strike-induced chemosensory in lizards: their absence in a crotaphytid lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) and a proposal for research in zoos. Zoo Biology 15:239-253.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., De Perno, C. S., and Steele, L. J. 1996. Do lingual behaviors and locomotion by two gekkotan lizards after experimental loss of bitten prey indicate chemosensory search? Amphibia-Reptilia 17:217-231.
DePerno, C. S., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1996. Labial-licking for chemical sampling by the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). J. Herpetology 30:540-543.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1995. Foraging mode, prey chemical discrimination, and phylogeny in lizards. Animal Behaviour 50:973-985.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1995. Evolution and function of lingual shape in lizards, with emphasis on elongation, extensibility, and chemical sampling. J. Chem. Ecol. 21:477-505.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1995. Prey chemical discrimination and foraging mode in gekkonoid lizards. Herp. Monogr. 9:120-129.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1995. Effects of estrogen and male head coloration on chemosensory investigation of female cloacal pheromones by male broad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps). Physiology and Behavior. 58:1221-1225.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. Arnett. 1995. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in the gila monster. Copeia 1995:89-96.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Van Wyk, J. H., and Mouton, P. F. 1995. Strike-induced chemosensory searching is absent in the cordylid lizard, Cordylus cordylus, a scleroglossan ambush forager. Chemoecology 5/6:47-52.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1995. Strike-induced chemosensory searching by the anguid Elgaria coerulea. Amphibia-Reptilia 16:147-156.
Cooper. W. E., Jr., and Van Wyk, J. H. 1994. Absence of prey chemical discrimination by tongue-flicking in an ambush-foraging autarchoglossan lizard. Ethology 97:317-328.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1994. Multiple functions of extraoral lingual behavior in iguanian lizards: prey capture, grooming, and swallowing, but not prey detection. Anim. Behav. 47:765-775.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., P. Lopez, and A. Salvador. 1994. Pheromone detection by an amphisbaenian. Anim. Behav. 47:1401-1411.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1994. Chemical discrimination by tongue-flicking in lizards: a review with hypotheses on its origin and its ecological and phylogenetic relationships. J. Chem. Ecol. 20:439-487.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1994. Prey chemical discrimination, foraging mode, and phylogeny. Pp. 95-116, In E. R. Pianka and L. J. Vitt (eds.), Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
DePerno, C. S., and Cooper, W. E. 1994. Strike-induced chemosensory searching is absent in Anolis carolinensis. Amphibia-Reptilia 15:83-88.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., L. J. Vitt, and J. P. Caldwell. 1994. Movement and substrate tongue-flicks in phrynosomatid lizards. Copeia 1994:234-237.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Vitt. 1994. Tree and substrate selection in the semiarboreal scincid lizard Eumeces laticeps. Herpetol. J. 4:20-23.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., DePerno, C. S., and Arnett, J. 1994. Prolonged post-bite elevation in tongue-flicking rate with rapid onset in the gila monster, Heloderma suspectum: Relation to diet and foraging and implications for evolution of chemosensory searching. J. Chem. Ecol. 20:2587-2601.
DePerno, C. S., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1993. Prey chemical discrimination and strike-induced chemosensory searching in Liolaemus zapallarensis. Chemoecology 4:86-92.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1993. Strike-induced chemosensory searching by a teiid lizard, the golden tegu (Tupinambis nigropunctatus). Chemoecology 4:79-85.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Vitt. 1993. Female mate choice of large male broad-headed skinks. Anim. Behav. 45:83-93.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and A. C. Alberts. 1993. Post-bite elevation in tongue-flick rate by an iguanian lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. J. Chem. Ecol. 19:2329-2336.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. A. McGuire. 1993. Induction of bright female throat coloration in Petrosaurus mearnsi by progesterone. Amphibia-Reptilia 14:213-221.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and K. J. Alfieri. 1993. Caudal autotomy in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis s. sirtalis. Amphibia-Reptilia 14:86-89.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1993. Tree selection by the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: size, holes, and cover. Amphibia-Reptilia 14:285-294.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1993. Duration of poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking rate in the savannah monitor lizard, Varanus exanthematicus. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 5:1-18.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Greenberg, N. 1992. Color and behavior. Pp. 298-422, In: Hormones, Brain, and Behavior, Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 18, C. Gans and D. Crews (Eds.). Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1992. Post-bite elevation in tongue-flick rate by neonatal garter snakes. Ethology 91:339-345.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1992. Does gregariousness reduce attacks on aposematic prey? Questions about an experimental test. Anim. Behav. 43:63-64.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1992. Prey odor discrimination and poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking by a cordylid lizard, Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus. Copeia 1992:146-154.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Trauth, S. E. 1992. Discrimination of conspecific male and female cloacal stimuli by males and possession of a probable pheromone gland by females in a cordylid lizard, Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus. Herpetologica 48:225-232.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1992. Elevation in tongue-flick rate after biting prey in the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps. J. Chem. Ecol. 18:455-467.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Vitt. 1991. Influence of detectability and escape on natural selection of conspicuous autotomous defenses. Canad. J. Zool. 69:757-764.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1991. Responses to prey chemicals by a lacertid lizard, Podarcis muralis: Prey chemical discrimination and poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking rate. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:849-863.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and A. C. Alberts. 1991. Tongue-flicking and biting in response to chemical food stimuli by an iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) having sealed vomeronasal ducts: Vomerolfaction may mediate these behavioral responses. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:135-146.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1991. Discrimination of integumentary prey chemicals and strike-induced chemosensory searching in the ball python, Python regius. J. Ethology 9:9-23.
Garstka, W. R., W. E. Cooper, Jr., K. W. Wasmund, and J. E. Lovich. 1991. Male sex steroid cycles and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the pond slider turtle, Trachemys scripta. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 98:271-280.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Guillette, Jr. 1991. Observations on activity, display behavior, coloration and androgen levels in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua. Amphibia-Reptilia 12:57-66.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990. Prey odour discrimination by lizards and snakes. Pp. 533-538. In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 5, D. W. Macdonald, D. Muller-Schwarze, and S. E. Natynczuk, eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Burghardt, G. M. 1990. A comparative analysis of scoring methods for squamate prey odor discrimination data. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:45-65.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Burghardt, G. M. 1990. Vomerolfaction and vomodor. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:103-105.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990. Prey odor detection by teiid and lacertid lizards and its relationship to foraging mode in lizard families. Copeia 1990:237-242.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990. Chemical detection of predators by the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). J. Exp. Zool. 256:162-167.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., L. J. Vitt, R. Hedges, and R. B. Huey. 1990. Locomotor impairment and defense in gravid lizards (Eumeces laticeps): behavioral shift in activity may offset costs of reproduction in an active forager. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 27:153-157.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Alberts, A. C. 1990. Responses to chemical food stimuli by an herbivorous actively foraging lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Herpetologica 46:259-266.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990. Prey odor discrimination by anguid lizards. Herpetologica 46:183-190.
Lovich, J. E., Garstka, W. R., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990. Female participation in courtship behavior of the turtle Trachemys scripta. J. Herpetol. 24:422-424.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Buth, D., and Vitt, L. J. 1990. Prey odor discrimination by ingestively naive coachwhip snakes (Masticophis flagellum. Chemoecology 1:86-91.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1989. Sexual dimorphism of head and body size in the iguanid lizard Sceloporus undulatus: paradoxical results. American Naturalist 133:729-735.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., McDowell, S. G., and Ruffer, J. 1989. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in the colubrid snakes Elaphe g. guttata and Thamnophis s. sirtalis. Ethology 81:19-28.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1989. Prey odor discrimination in the varanoid lizards Heloderma suspectum and Varanus exanthematicus. Ethology 81:250-258.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1989. Strike-induced chemosensory searching occurs in lizards. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:1311-1320.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1989. Prey odor discrimination by the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). J. Exp. Zool. 249:11-16.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1989. Absence of prey odor discrimination by iguanid and agamid lizards in applicator tests. Copeia 1989:472-478.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1989. Maternal care in skinks (Sauria: Eumeces). J. Herpetology 23:29-34.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1988. Eumeces laticeps. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 445:1-3.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1988. Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus (southern prairie lizard). Coloration. Herpetological Review 19:34.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1988. Feeding responses of broad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps) to velvet ants Dasymutilla occidentalis). J. Herpetology 22:485-488.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1988. Aggressive behavior and courtship rejection in brightly and plainly colored female keeled earless lizards (Holbrookia propinqua). Ethology 77:265-278.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J.. 1988. Orange head coloration in male Eumeces laticeps, a sexually selected social cue. Copeia 1988:1-6.
Adams, C. S., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1988. Oviductal morphology and sperm storage in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua. Herpetologica 44:190-197.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Crews, D. 1988. Sexual coloration, plasma concentrations of sex steroid hormones, and responses to courtship in female keeled earless lizards (Holbrookia propinqua). Hormones and Behavior 22:12-25.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Crews, D. 1987. Hormonal induction of secondary sexual coloration and courtship rejection behaviour in female keeled earless lizards (Holbrookia propinqua). Animal Behaviour 35:1177-1187.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1987. Ethological isolation, sexual behavior and pheromones in the fasciatus species group of the lizard genus Eumeces. Ethology 75:328-336.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Garstka, W. R. 1987. Discrimination of male conspecific from heterospecific odors by male lizards (Eumeces laticeps). J. Exp. Zool. 241:253-256.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1987. Deferred agonistic behavior in a long-lived scincid lizard Eumeces laticeps: Field and laboratory data on the roles of body size and residence on agonistic strategy. Oecologia 72:321-326.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Garstka, W. R. 1987. Lingual responses to chemical fractions of urodaeal glandular pheromone of the skink Eumeces laticeps. J. Exp. Zool. 241:253-256.
Trauth, S. E., Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1987. Cloacal anatomy of the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, with a description of a female pheromonal gland. Herpetologica 43:458-466.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Burns, N. B. 1987. Social significance of ventrolateral colouration in the fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). Animal Behaviour 35:526-532.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J.. 1987. Induction of orange head coloration and activation of courtship and aggression by testosterone in the male broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps). J. Herpetol. 21:96-101.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Garstka, W. R.. 1987. Aggregation in the broad-headed skink Eumeces laticeps. Copeia 1987:807-810.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1987. Intraspecific and interspecific aggression in lizards of the scincid genus Eumeces: Pheromonal recognition of conspecific sexual competitors. Herpetologica 43:7-14.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1986. Lizard pheromones: Behavioral responses and adaptive significance in skinks of the genus Eumeces. In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates IV: Ecology, Evolution, and Comparative Biology, D. Duvall, D. Muller-Schwarze and R. M. Silverstein, eds. Pp. 323-340. Plenum Press, New York.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Mendonca, M. T., and Vitt, L. J. 1986. Induction of sexual receptivity in the female broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, by estradiol. Hormones and Behavior 20:235-242.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt. L. J. 1986. Tracking of female conspecific odor trails by male broad-headed skinks (Eumeces laticeps). Ethology 71:242-248.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1986. Interspecific odour discriminations among syntopic congeners in scincid lizards (genus Eumeces). Behaviour 97:1-9.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Garstka, W. R., and Vitt, L. J. 1986. Female sex pheromone in the lizard Eumeces laticeps. Herpetologica 42:361-366.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1986. Chromatic components of female secondary sexual coloration: Influence on social behavior of male keeled earless lizards (Holbrookia propinqua). Copeia 1986:980-986.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1986. Skink reproduction and sexual dimorphism: Eumeces fasciatus in the southeastern United States, with notes on Eumeces inexpectatus. J. Herpetol. 20:65-76.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1986. Foraging and diet of a diurnal predator (Eumeces laticeps) feeding on hidden prey. J. Herpetology 20:404-411.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1986. Tail loss, tail color, and predator escape in Eumeces (Lacertilia: Scincidae): Age-specific differences in costs and benefits. Canadian J. Zool. 64:583-592.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1986. Interspecific odour discrimination by a lizard (Eumeces laticeps). Animal Behaviour 34:367-376.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1986. Thermal dependence of tongue-flicking and comments on studies of tongue-flicking as an index of squamate behavior. Ethology 71:177-186.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1985. Blue tails and autotomy: Enhancement of predation avoidance in juvenile skinks. Z. Tierpsychol. (Ethology) 70:265-276.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1985. The relationship between reproduction and lipid cycling in the skink Eumeces laticeps with comments on brooding ecology. Herpetologica 41:419-432.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1985. Female residency and courtship intensity in a territorial lizard, Holbrookia propinqua. Amphibia-Reptilia 6:63-69.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caffrey, C., and Vitt, L. J. 1985. Diel activity patterns in the banded gecko, Coleonyx variegatus. J. Herpetology 19:308-311.
Vitt, L. J., and Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1985. The evolution of sexual dimorphism in the skink Eumeces laticeps: An example of sexual selection. Canadian J. Zoology 63:995-1002.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Caffrey, C., and Vitt, L. J. 1985. Aggregation in the banded gecko, Coleonyx variegatus. Herpetologica 41:342-350.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1985. Response of five-lined and broad-headed skinks (Eumeces fasciatus and E. laticeps) to airborne conspecific odors: Further appraisal. J. Herpetology 19:481-486.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1984. Detection of conspecific odors by the female broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps. J. Experimental Zoology 229:49-54.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Vitt, L. J. 1984. Conspecific odor detection by the male broad- headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: Effects of sex and site of odor source and of male reproductive condition. J. Experimental Zoology 230:199-209.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1984. Female secondary sexual coloration and sex recognition in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua. Animal Behaviour 32:1142-1150.
Murphy, R. W., Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Richardson, W. S. 1983. Phylogenetic relationships of the North American five-lined skinks, genus Eumeces. Herpetologica 39:200-211.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Vitt, L. J., Vangilder, L., and Gibbons, J. W. 1983. Natural nest sites and brooding behavior of Eumeces fasciatus. Herpetological Review 14:65-66.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Clarke, R. F. 1982. Steroidal induction of female reproductive coloration in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua. Herpetologica 38:425-429.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Adams, C. S., and Dobie, J. L. 1982. Female color change in the earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua: Relationship to the reproductive cycle. Southwestern Naturalist 28:275-280.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1981. Visual guidance of predatory attack by a scincid lizard, Eumeces laticeps. Animal Behaviour 29:1127-1136.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1981. Territorial behavior---a means of population regulation in multiple habitats. J. Alabama Academy of Science 52:1-9.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1981. Mimicry and spatial occupation in the Mydas fly, Mydas clavatus. J. Alabama Academy of Science 52:58-65.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1981. Two abnormal striping patterns in Eumeces laticeps. Herpetological Review 12:103.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1981. Head-first swallowing of large prey by a scincid lizard, Eumeces laticeps. J. Herpetology 15:371-373.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Garthright, L. 1980. Lateral orange coloration in female Sceloporus undulatus: Variability and refractoriness to ovarian steroids. J. Alabama Academy of Science 51:256-259.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1980. Power plant recirculation and entrainment impact---a solution for constant recirculation and once-through mortality rates. J. Alabama Academy of Science 51:16-19.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1980. Power logistic population growth. J. Alabama Academy of Science 51:273-279.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1979. Sequential aspects of courtship in Anolis carolinensis. J. Herpetology 13:233-243.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1978. Home range criteria based on temporal stability of areal occupation. J. Theoretical Biology 73:687-695.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1978. Home range size and population dynamics. J. Theoretical Biology 75:327-337.
Cooper, W. E., and Owens, J. R. 1978. Water quality of Catoma Creek and other selected waters in northern Montgomery County. J. Alabama Academy of Science 49:40-50.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1977. Information analysis of agonistic behavior in male Anolis carolinensis. Copeia 1977:721-735.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1977. Natrix cyclopion X floridana. Herpetological Review 8:13-14.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Ferguson, G. W. 1973. Estrogenic priming of color change induced by progesterone in the collared lizard, Crotaphytus collaris. Herpetologica 29:107-110.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Ferguson, G. W. 1972. Relative effectiveness of progesterone and testosterone as inductors of orange spotting in female collared lizards. Herpetologica 28:64-65.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and van Hoesen, G. 1972. Stria medullaris-habenular lesions and gnawing behavior in rats. J. Comparative and Physiological Psychology 79:151-155.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1971. Display behavior of hatchling Anolis carolinensis. Herpetologica 27:498-500.
In review:
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Preliminary evidence that herbivory favors evolution of chemosensory food discriminations in iguanian lizards.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Parental distraction behavior and related antipredatory defenses.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Effect of temperature on escape behavior by an ectothremic vertebrate, the keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua).
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and A. M. Al-Johany. Chemosensory responses to foods by an herbivorous agamine lizard, Uromastyx aegyptius, derived from ambushing ancestral predators.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., L. J. Vitt, J. P. Caldwell, and S. F. Fox. Foraging modes of some American lizards: relationships among measurement variables and discreteness of modes.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Tradeoffs between feeding and predation risk in a lizard, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps).
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Correspondence between diet and food chemical discriminations by omnivorous geckos (Rhacodactylus).
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Food chemical discriminations by the omnivorous scincid lizards Tiliqua scincoides and Tiliqua rugosa.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Pursuit deterrence in lizards.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and M. Flowers. Adjustment of chemosensory response to diet: Food chemical discriminations by two herbivorous iguanid lizards.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., M. A. Paulissen, and J. J. Habegger. Discrimination of prey, but not plant, chemicals by actively foraging, insectivorous lizards, the lacertid Takydromus sexlineatus and the teiid Cnemidophorus gularis.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and J. J. Habegger. Elevated tongue-flick and biting by the insectivorous lygosomine skink Mabuya macularia to prey, but not plant, chemicals.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and L. J. Vitt. Costs of mate-guarding in the broad headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): increased exposure to predation and possible decrease in body size.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Responses to chemical cues from plant and animal food by an omnivorous lizard, Gerrhosaurus validus.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., Al-Johany, A. M., Vitt, L. J., and Habegger, J. J. Responses to Chemical Cues from Animal and Plant Foods by Actively Foraging Insectivorous and Omnivorous Scincine Lizards.
Cooper, W. E., Jr. Multiple roles of tail display by the curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus carinatus: pursuit deterrent and deflective roles of a social signal.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Habegger, J. J. Responses by juvenile savannah monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) to chemical cues from animal prey, plants palatable to herbivores, and conspecifics.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., and Lemos Espinal, J. A. Coordinated ontogeny of food preference and responses to chemical food stimuli by a lizard, Ctenosaura pectinata.
REPORTS,
UNREFEREED PUBLICATIONS, AND ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Cooper. Summer herpetological survey of the Alabama Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Plant Site. Prepared for Westinghouse Electric Company, 1979.
Cooper. Faunal survey of proposed construction sites in Dothan, Alabama. Prepared for Wainwright Engineering, 1979.
Cooper. Chapters for technical reports on power plant-induced impact on fish populations. Prepared for Texas Instruments, 1975-1976.
Anonymous. Vertebrate Wildlife of Alabama. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. 1984. (Contributor to section on amphibians and reptiles).
Vitt and Cooper. Ecology and distribution of skinks in the genus Eumeces on the Savannah River Plant. In an annual report (1984) by Savannah River Ecology Laboratory to U. S. Department of Energy.
Cooper. 1999. Zoo role and opportunities for research, pp. 64-69. In Hartdegen, R (Ed.), Asian Forest Monitor North American Regional Studbook. Second edition. Dallas Zoo, Dallas, Texas.
Professional presentations: Numerous talks presented at meetings of scientific societies, conferences and universities.
----------------------------------------------
Rresearch projects. Undergraduate and masters students in my lab have
conducted experiments on pheromonal communication, prey chemical
discrimination, strike-induced chemosensory searching, and the evolutionary
relationship between herbivorous diet and responsiveness to plant chemicals. A
graduate student completed a field project on social behavior and sexual
selection in the flat lizard Platysaurus broadleyi in northwestern South
Africa. Another is completing research on effects of risk factors on
escape behavior by mountain spiny lizards Sceloporus jarrovii from the
Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona.
Research opportunities. Outstanding undergraduates and masters students may
participate in laboratory research. Most of this work is on chemosensory
behavior and antipredatory behavior. There are opportunities for masters
thesis research on costs and benefits of tail autotomy, including lab work on
effects of autotomy on running speed, as well as field work. Prospective
graduate students interested in masters work on several aspects of chemosensory
behavior and its use in foraging or social behavior are encouraged to apply for
projects based in the laboratory, but which have potential for field work in
the summer. Thesis research for masters students can be based in the
field, laboratory, or both. Students must pay their own expenses for
field work, primarily travel costs. Teaching assistantships are available on a
competitive basis.
----------------------------------------------
APPROACH
My courses vary greatly with subject and
student level. I teach intermediate ecology and evolution courses primarily as
traditional lecture courses using PowerPoint, and place materials on electronic
reserve to ease note-taking and add topics of current interest, media
presentations, and specimens. The ecology labs include discussions by small
groups of students and a behavioral experiment designed and conducted by
students. At the opposite end of the spectrum, I conduct several
graduate-undergraduate specialty courses in a discussion format to survey the
primary literature on the topic and develop student abilities to critically
read scientific papers.
COURSES
At Indiana University - Purdue
University:
Antipredatory
Behavior
Evolution of Behavior
Reptilian Chemical Ecology
Reptilian Behavior
Evolution
Intermediate Ecology
Zoology
Lab
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Lab
Animal
Behavior
Introduction to the Biological World
At Auburn University at
Montgomery:
Animal
Behavior
Population Ecology
Field
Biology
Chordate Biology
Introduction to
Biology
Ecology
Antipredatory Defenses course materials</b
----------------------------------------------
As Professor of Biology, my
responsibilities are to teach, conduct research, and provide service within the
university and in the community at large. I teach biology courses for
undergraduate and graduate students, train graduate students, and supervise
research projects for undergraduate. I spend as much time as possible
planning, conducting, and writing about research on the behavior, ecology, and
evolution of lizards. I enjoy the teaching and service aspects of being a
professor, but the biggest rewards come from research.
My university service consists primarily
of committee work necessary for the functioning of the Department of Biology. I
have been member and chair of the Curriculum Committee, the Graduate Committee,
and the Seminar Committee. I am a member of the university=s Animal Care and Use Committee, and formerly served
as Chair of the Department of Biology, Director of the Life Sciences Resource
Center, and member of the Arts and Sciences Council. In the local community, I
often provide information about reptiles, amphibians, behavior, and evolution
to interested parties, including private individuals and news media, and give
talks about reptiles to school groups.
At the national and international levels
of professional service, I participate in the activities of professional
societies. Currently I am on the Board of Governors of American Society of
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. I formerly served on the Policy Committee of
the Animal Behavior Society, and headed a Publications Task Force for the
Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. I annually review dozens of
manuscripts for professional journals. I am associate editor of Behavioral
Ecology and Sociobiology, and formerly served as associate editor for
ethology of the journals Herpetologica and Herpetological Natural
History, and was a member of the editorial board of Amphibia-Reptilia. I
also act as referee for grant applications to several funding agencies in the
USA and abroad.
----------------------------------------------
CONTACT AND
PERSONAL INFORMATION
William E.
Cooper, Jr.
Department
of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana
46805
Phone:
(260) 481-6311
Fax:
(260) 481-6087
Email:
cooperw@ipfw.edu
Birthdate:
April 23, 1945
Divorced,
three children
EDUCATION
Postdoctoral
North Carolina State University Biomathematics
Ph.D.
Kansas State University (1972) Animal Behavior
M.S. Kansas
State University (1970) Physiological psychology
B.A.
University of Richmond (1966) Psychology
HONORRS AND
HONORARY SOCIETIES
Phi Beta
Kappa
Phi Kappa
Phi
Sigma Xi
ISI Highly
Cited - for researchers in the top 0.5% for being cited frequently in
scientific journals papers in plant and animal biology
John
Ellerman Scholar (1993) - Funded research at the University of Stellenbosch and
in the Kalahari Desert
Outstanding
Researcher of the Year (2003), Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne
Pippert
Research Scholar (2004)
Who's Who
in America
American
Men and Women of Science
GRANTS
FUNDED
Field
research on escape behavior and refuge use on islets near Menorca, Balearic
Islands, Spain funded by the University of Salamancain 2005.
Responses
to chemical stimuli from animal prey and plant food by the omnivorous teiid
lizard Cnemidophorus murinus on Bonaire Island, Netherlands
Antilles. The Cleveland Zoo awarded me $3000 for this study, which is
part of a study of the evolutionary relationship between diet and chemosensory
behavior, in March 2001.
Chemosensory
behavior and antipredatory behavior of lacertid lizards in Menorca, the Canary
Islands, and the Iberian Penensula. Supported by grants totalling ca.
$4000 from the Life Program of the European Union, the Menorcan Environmental
Institute, and the University of Salamanca.
Ecomorphs,
foraging, and defense in Puerto Rican Anolis lizards. NIH paid me $1,200
travel expenses plus honorarium to evaluate a minority research program at the
University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez in March 1997. Although this was not
really a grant, I used it as such by extending the visit for a few weeks to
conduct field work at El Verde Tropical Research Station and elsewhere on the
island.
Foraging
and antipredatory behavior in the broad-headed skink. 1996. DOE paid my travel,
lodging and per diem expenses during a two-week field study of Eumeces laticeps
on barrier islands off the coast of South Carolina in June. $1,700.
Comparative
study of foraging modes in African lizards. Indiana University's International
Programs awarded me $1,500 to help pay for airfare to South Africa for field
work in Namibia and South Africa in February-March, 1996.
Adaptation
and phylogenetic inertia n the relationship between foraging mode and lingually
mediated prey chemical discrimination in lizards. Indiana University awarded me
a grant for ca. $17,080 from its Research Support Fund. Field work was conducted
in South Africa, Namibia and the southwestern United States in October and
June, 1994. Lab work was conducted at IPFW in 1994-1995.
Mate-guarding
and defense in the broad-headed skink. 1995. DOE paid my travel, lodging and
per diem expenses during a two-week field study of Eumeces laticeps
on barrier islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia in May. Ca.
$1,200.
Foraging
and defensive behavior in the broad-headed skink. 1994. DOE paid my travel,
lodging and per diem expenses during a two-week field study of Eumeces laticeps
on barrier islands off the coast of South Carolina in May. Ca. $1,100.
Pheromonal
communication, foraging, and defense in cordylid lizards. 1993. The John
Ellerman Foundation awarded me $5,000 for a six-week study in South Africa. The
work was split between the laboratory at the University of Stellenbosch and
field work in the Western Cape Province, Namaqualand, and the Kalahari Desert.
Pheromones
and social behavior in the broad-headed skink. 1992. DOE paid my travel, lodging
and per diem expenses during a two-week field study of the mating system and
pheromonal communication in Eumeces laticeps on barrier islands
off the coast of South Carolina. Ca. $1,500.
Chemical
cues, predation and social behavior in lizards. Funded for approximately
$20,500 through Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the Savannah River
Ecology Laboratory for research to conducted at the Savannah River Ecology
Laboratory in spring and summer 1987.
Pheromonal
communication in scincid lizards. Awarded by Oak Ridge Associated Universities
(U. S. Dept. of Energy) for summer 1985. $7825 plus expenses and materials.
Behavioral
ecology and pheromones in the fasciatus species group of Eumeces.
Awarded by the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory for summer 1984. $9,450 plus
travel and materials.
Social
behavior and pheromones in the broad-headed skink. Awarded by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities (U. S. Dept. of Energy) for spring 1984. $6,200 plus
expenses.
Chemical
communication in skinks of the genus Eumeces. Awarded by the Savannah
River Ecology Laboratory for summer 1983. $7,200 plus materials and expenses.
Ecology and
behavior of the broad-headed skink. Awarded by the Savannah River Ecology
Laboratory in June, 1982. $4,200 plus materials and expenses.
Natural
science teaching for the fourth to sixth grades. Submitted to NSF in October
1980. Approved for $14,326.
Numerous
awards from Auburn University at Montgomery's grant-in-aid program between 1977
and 1991 to study: systematics of the five-lined skinks, population
ecology of Eumeces laticeps, hormonal basis of color change in
iguanid lizards, ecology and behavior of skinks, and prey odor discrimination
and tongue structure in squamates.
SERVICE
University
service
Indiana
University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne
Member
and sometimes Chair of the departmental Curriculum Committee (1998-2008)
Chair
of the departmental Graduate Committee (1995-1996)
Chair
of the departmental Seminar Committee (1994-1995)
Chair
of the Department of Biological Sciences (1991-1993)
Director
of the Life Sciences Resource Center (1991-1993)
Member,
Arts and Sciences Council (1996-1998)
Member,
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (1998-2000)
Member
Arts and Sciences Curriculum Committee
Auburn
University at Montgomery
Director
of Environmental Biology degree program (1976-1991)
Member
of the Research Council (1988-1991)
Member
of Library Self-study Committee for reaccreditation (1986-1987).
University
representative to the Alabama Marine Environmental Science Consortium
(1981-1985, 1988-1991).
Member
of the Search Committee for Vice Chancellor for Research and Development (1984)
Chairman
of three search committees for new faculty members (1982-1983, 1987-1988)
Member
of School of Sciences Computing Committee (1983-1984)
Member
of university-wide Missions and Goals Committee (1982)
Project
director of a summer workshop entitled "Natural Science Teaching for
Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grade Teachers" (1981)
Member
of Faculty Executive Committee (1980-1982)
Member
and chairman of Library Committee (1978-1980)
Member
and chairman of Faculty Welfare Committee (1976-1978)
Professional
service
Societies
Member
Board of Governors of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
(1996-2001; 2008)
Councuilor
of the Herpetologists' League (2002-2005)
Chair
of the Publications Task Force of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and
Reptiles (1999-2000)
Member
of Policy Committee of the Animal Behavior Society (1994-1995)
Member
of Conservation Committee of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and
Reptiles (1991-1994)
Chair
of the Nominating Committee of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and
Reptiles (1994)
Former
member of Meetings Committees of the Herpetologists' League (HL) and Society
for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
Editing
and evaluation
Associate
editor of Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2000-2008)
Associate
editor of Herpetological Natural History for behavior and physiology
(1995-1999)
Associate
editor of Herpetologica and Herpetological Monographs for papers
on animal behavior (1988-1990)
Member
of editorial board for Amphibia-Reptilia (2002-2003)
Manuscript
review for Animal Behaviour; Behaviour; Behavioral Ecology; Behavioural Ecology
and Sociobiology; Ethology; J. Ethology, American Naturalist, Ecology; Oikos,
Oecologia, Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution; Herpetologica; J. Herpetology;
Copeia; Amphibia-Reptilia; Herpetological Natural History; Herpetological
Journal; Herpetological Review; Physiological Zoology; J. Chemical Ecology;
Chemoecology; Biotropica; J. Tropical Ecology; American Midland Naturalist;
Southwestern Naturalist; Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas,
and others..
Review
of grant proposals for National Science Foundation, National Institutes of
Health; Australian Research Council, National Geographic Society, City College,
, and Howard University.
Evaluator
of research credentials and potential for the National Research Foundation of
South Africa
External
reviewer of NIH-funded programs in biology at the University of Puerto Rico at
Mayaguez (1997)
Book
reviews
Ecology
of Reptiles, 2nd. ed. By Harold Heatwole and Janet Taylor. Herpetologica
46:125-126, 1990.
Chemical
Signals in Vertebrates 6, R. L. Doty and D. Müller-Schwarze, eds. Quarterly
Review of Biology 69:300, 1994.
Sexual
Selection, Malte Andersson. Copeia 1995:756-757.
State
of Alabama
Member
of the Alabama Nongame Wildlife Advisory Board to the Alabama Department of
Conservation and Natural Resources (1990-1991).
PUBLICATIONS
See Publications
TEACHING:
I greatly enjoy interactions with
undergraduate and postgraduate students as instructor, advisor, major
professor, and research collaborator. My graduate students have a high
completion rate and an excellent publication record.
Auburn University at Montgomery
Fifteen years classroom experience
teaching 16 contact hours per quarter in a variety of courses at AUM.
Evaluations:
During the last several years there my
teaching evaluations on the Student Instructional Report averaged at the
following percentiles based on national norms for biological sciences:
course organization and planning 67.1
faculty-student interaction 73.3
communication 70.0
tests and exams 82.5
overall evaluation 77.5
Courses taught:
Animal Behavior-including ethology,
behavioral ecology, and behavioral physiology
Ecology-majors' introduction with emphasis
on community and ecosystem concepts
Population Biology-population ecology plus
several lectures on population genetics
Evolution-broad introduction to
evolutionary theory, mechanisms and history
Field Biology-sophomore-level introduction
to identification of organisms, field sampling and observation, and techniques
of preservation
Vertebrate Zoology-survey of the major
taxonomic groups and their basic anatomical, physiological, behavioral and
ecological features
General Zoology-survey of the major animal
phyla emphasizing their structural, physiological, and ecological features
Principles of Biology-a one quarter
introduction for biology majors to basics of cell biology, genetics,
developmental biology, taxonomy and evolution. For two years I was coordinator
of this multisection course. I coauthored the Laboratory Manual for Principles
of Biology (Adams, Cooper, McKee and Owens)
Indiana University-Purdue University
Fort Wayne
Evolution - senior/graduate level course
Antipredatory Behavior - primary
literature course
Chemical Ecology of Reptiles - primary
literature course
Evolution of Behavior-introduction to
analysis of behavioral evolution and adaptation using comparative methods based
on cladistics; optimality approaches to behavior
Squamate Behavior - primary literature
course
Intermediate Ecology - a sophomore-level
core course
Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution -
freshman course, laboratory only
Zoology - an introductory course for
nonmajors, laboratory only
Introduction to the Biological World -
nonmajors biology course
----------------------------------------------
Gym -
weights, stairmaster, crosstrainer, etc.
Music - listening: blues, classic
rock, bluegrass, country, jazz, some classical
playing: blues and rock guitar
Outdoors
- The more the better in warm weather, especially in natural habitats.
Reading - Novels, history, anthropology,
politics, culture
Research
- They actually pay me for this!
Spanish - No hablo mucho, pero puedo
leerlo.
Travel
- Sometimes research or professional meetings can be in great places.
Other times great places need no excuse for visits.
Water - Swimming, snorkeling, scuba